Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
An In-Depth Look at the Second Most Common Skin Cancer
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is the second most common form of skin cancer, originating in the squamous cells found in the outer layer of the skin, known as the epidermis. This condition typically develops because of cumulative ultraviolet (UV) exposure from the sun. While CSCC is usually not life-threatening, it can be aggressive in some cases. In this article, we will explore the causes, symptoms, and treatments of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Additionally, we will address ten frequently asked questions about this skin cancer.
Understanding Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
CSCC occurs when UV radiation or other damaging agents cause DNA damage in the squamous cells, triggering abnormal changes. These cells are flat and located near the surface of the skin, continuously shedding as new one’s form. The cancerous cells can form lesions on sun-exposed areas of the body, such as the face, ears, and hands.
Causes and Risk Factors
The primary cause of CSCC is cumulative UV exposure from the sun. Other risk factors may include:
- Use of tanning beds
- Fair skin and light-colored eyes
- A history of sunburns
- Weakened immune system
Symptoms and Diagnosis
CSCC often appears as a scaly or crusted patch of skin, a firm red nodule, or a sore that heals and reopens. To diagnose CSCC, a doctor will perform a physical examination and may take a biopsy for further analysis.
Treatment Options
The treatment for CSCC depends on the size, location, and aggressiveness of the cancer. Some common treatment options include:
- Excision: Surgical removal of the tumor and surrounding tissue.
- Mohs surgery: A specialized technique that removes cancerous tissue layer by layer, preserving healthy tissue.
- Cryotherapy: Freezing and destroying cancerous cells with liquid nitrogen.
- Radiation therapy: Using high-energy X-rays to destroy cancer cells.
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Frequently Asked Questions
CSCC is the second most common form of skin cancer that develops in the squamous cells found in the outer layer of the skin, known as the epidermis.
The primary cause of CSCC is cumulative UV exposure from the sun.
Risk factors include UV exposure, use of tanning beds, fair skin, a history of sunburns, and a weakened immune system.
Symptoms include scaly or crusted patches of skin, firm red nodules, or sores that heal and reopen.
A doctor will perform a physical examination and may take a biopsy for further analysis.
Treatment options include excision, Mohs surgery, cryotherapy, and radiation therapy.
CSCC is usually not life-threatening, but it can be aggressive in some cases.
Preventing CSCC involves protecting your skin from the sun, avoiding tanning beds, and regularly checking your skin for changes.
CSCC is the second most common form of skin cancer after basal cell carcinoma.
While rare, CSCC can spread to other parts of the body, particularly if left untreated or if it is aggressive.