General Dermatology

Beautiful Skin Is Achievable With Expert Solutions From Sullivan Dermatology

We provide personal, compassionate and thorough General Dermatology care for all conditions and diseases of the skin, hair, and nails. Our goal is to understand you as a whole in order to plan your best possible path to treatment. With experience in dermatologic problems ranging from the common to the rare, we take the time to explain and consult each treatment with patients of all ages.

Acne

Actinic Keratosis

Actinic keratosis, a common skin condition, presents as small, scaly patches on sun-exposed areas of the body. Often mistaken for other skin conditions, knowing the differences between actinic keratosis vs seborrheic keratosis, or actinic keratosis vs basal cell carcinoma, is essential. Although actinic keratosis is generally benign, it can sometimes progress to a type of skin cancer, reinforcing the need for early diagnosis and treatment.

Actinic keratosis is characterized by rough, dry patches or bumps on the skin. These lesions are often reddish, but can also be brown or skin-colored. Typically, they occur on areas frequently exposed to the sun, such as the face, ears, scalp, and hands. Despite their rough texture, they might be easier to feel than see. It’s important to note the differences between actinic keratosis vs seborrheic keratosis and actinic keratosis vs basal cell carcinoma, as these conditions can manifest similar symptoms but require different treatment approaches.

The main cause of actinic keratosis is long-term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light, either from the sun or tanning beds. UV light damages the DNA in skin cells, leading to abnormal growth and the formation of keratoses. Actinic keratosis is not contagious and can’t spread from person to person. It’s vital to distinguish actinic keratosis vs basal cell carcinoma, as the latter is a form of skin cancer that can metastasize or spread to other parts of the body.

A common myth is that actinic keratosis only affects older adults. While it’s true that the risk increases with age due to cumulative sun exposure, younger people, especially those with fair skin, can also develop this condition. Another myth is that indoor tanning is safer than sun exposure. The truth is, tanning beds emit UV rays that can cause skin damage, leading to actinic keratosis and even skin cancer. 

Treatment of actinic keratosis depends on the size, location, and number of lesions. Options include topical medications, laser therapy, cryotherapy (freezing), and photodynamic therapy. When comparing actinic keratosis vs seborrheic keratosis, the latter often doesn’t require treatment unless the lesions are causing discomfort or the patient wishes to remove them for cosmetic reasons.

In the case of actinic keratosis vs basal cell carcinoma, treatment for the latter is more aggressive, potentially including surgical removal, radiation therapy, or topical chemotherapy. This reinforces the need for accurate diagnosis to guide appropriate treatment.

In conclusion, actinic keratosis is a common skin condition primarily caused by prolonged sun exposure. Despite being often benign, it has the potential to progress to skin cancer, making early detection and treatment essential. Understanding the differences between actinic keratosis vs seborrheic keratosis and actinic keratosis vs basal cell carcinoma is crucial for proper management. Consult with a Board Certified Dermatologist, like Dr. Sullivan if you notice any suspicious skin changes to ensure an accurate diagnosis and the most effective treatment plan.

For More Information: Actinic Keratosis or Actinic Keratosis (AAD).

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Alopecia

Atopic Dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis, often referred to as eczema, is a common skin condition characterized by red, itchy rashes. It can occur at any age, but is especially prevalent in children. However, atopic dermatitis in adults is not uncommon and can sometimes be severe or long-lasting. It can affect any part of the body, but the hands, face, and flexures are often involved, hence the term  atopic dermatitis hands . Distinguishing between atopic dermatitis vs contact dermatitis is crucial as the management strategies for the two conditions can differ.

The symptoms of atopic dermatitis can vary from person to person, but most often include dry, itchy skin, red to brownish-gray patches, and small, raised bumps that may leak fluid when scratched. In severe cases, the constant scratching and itching can lead to skin infections. In adults, the rash often appears in the creases of the elbows or knees and on the neck, wrists, and ankles, referred to as atopic dermatitis hands .

Atopic dermatitis is likely caused by a combination of factors including genetics, abnormalities in the skin barrier, and an overactive immune system. Environmental factors, like irritants and allergens, can also trigger symptoms. Although the exact cause of adult atopic dermatitis is unknown, it’s believed that a mix of genetics and environmental triggers may play a role.

One myth about atopic dermatitis is that it’s just a simple skin problem and should be treated only with skin creams. While topical treatments are important, atopic dermatitis is a systemic inflammatory disease, and may need systemic treatment in severe cases. Another myth is that adult atopic dermatitis is just a ‘phase’. In reality, atopic dermatitis can persist into adulthood and requires long-term management.

Treatment of atopic dermatitis aims at relieving symptoms and preventing outbreaks. It may include topical medications, such as corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors, to control inflammation and itching. Severe cases might require systemic treatments like immunosuppressants or biologic drugs. Regular use of moisturizers is also recommended to improve the skin barrier function. When considering atopic dermatitis vs contact dermatitis, the treatment for contact dermatitis would also include avoiding the causative irritants or allergens.

In conclusion, understanding the unique challenges and symptoms of adult atopic dermatitis, particularly atopic dermatitis hands, is crucial for proper treatment. It’s also important to debunk myths about the condition and to be aware of the differences when considering atopic dermatitis vs contact dermatitis. As with any health concern, a Board-Certified Dermatologist, like Dr. Sullivan should always be consulted for diagnosis and treatment.

For More Information: Atopic Dermatitis (DNIH) or Atopic Dermatitis (AAD).

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Basal Cell Carcinoma

Dandruff

Dandruff, a common scalp condition, affects nearly half of the population at some point in their lives. Often misunderstood, it’s not simply about poor hygiene, and it’s crucial to distinguish between dandruff vs dry scalp. It can also occur in areas with a high oil presence, like eyebrows and around the nose and ears, leading to a less common issue – beard dandruff.

Dandruff presents as flaking of the scalp resulting in white flakes on your hair and shoulders, especially after brushing or scratching. The scalp may feel tight, itchy, or tingly. Understanding the difference between dandruff vs dry scalp is crucial as both can produce similar flakes, but dry scalp is typically accompanied by dry hair, whereas dandruff often presents with oily hair and scalp. Also, a persistent case of beard dandruff may require different treatment than scalp dandruff.

The causes of dandruff are varied, with factors such as yeast-like fungus (Malassezia), not shampooing enough, dry skin, and sensitivity to certain hair products contributing to its development. It’s important to note that dandruff isn’t due to poor hygiene, but washing your hair can help remove excess flakes. A common query is ‘is dandruff contagious?’ The answer is a resounding no; you can’t catch dandruff from someone else.

Several myths about dandruff persist. One prevalent misconception is that dandruff is the same as dry scalp. But as mentioned earlier, distinguishing dandruff vs dry scalp is essential for appropriate treatment. Another myth is that dandruff is contagious; it is not. The third common myth is that it is related to poor hygiene, which is untrue. While not shampooing enough can lead to oil accumulation and more visible flakes, dandruff itself isn’t about cleanliness.

Dandruff treatment primarily involves specialized shampoos, which contain active ingredients like zinc pyrithione, coal tar, or selenium sulfide to combat the yeast and control flaking and scaling. Depending on the severity of the condition, your doctor may recommend over-the-counter products or prescribe stronger shampoos or scalp solutions.

It’s also worth noting the difference between seborrheic dermatitis vs dandruff. Seborrheic dermatitis is a more severe form of dandruff with red, scaly, itchy patches on the scalp and other oily areas of the body. It requires more aggressive treatment, often needing prescription-strength antifungal shampoos, creams, or lotions, or short-term use of a steroid solution.

When dealing with beard dandruff, using a gentle facial cleanser and applying an over-the-counter antifungal cream can often help. If over-the-counter solutions don’t work, a dermatologist can prescribe a stronger treatment.

In conclusion, understanding dandruff, its causes, and available treatments can help manage this common but often frustrating condition. Remember, understanding the difference between dandruff vs dry scalp and seborrheic dermatitis vs dandruff is key in finding an effective treatment. It’s always good to remember that dandruff isn’t a reflection of personal hygiene, nor is dandruff contagious. It’s a medical condition that can be effectively managed with the right care and treatment.

For More Information: Dandruff (AAD) or Dandruff (Mayoclinic).

Eczema

Freckles

Freckles are small, flat, brown spots that typically appear on sun-exposed skin. They are a common skin condition and are harmless. They can appear anywhere on the body, but they are most found on the face, arms, and shoulders. Freckles on the lip are also quite common. Some people may seek freckle removal for cosmetic reasons, but it’s important to remember that freckles are natural and not harmful.

Freckles are small, tan, brown, or black spots that tend to appear in clusters. They are flat and do not have any texture, and their color may deepen with sun exposure. Freckles on the lip may be more noticeable due to the contrast with the natural lip color. Freckle removal can be considered if a person feels self-conscious about their appearance, but it is not medically necessary.

Freckles are caused by an increase in the production of melanin, the pigment that gives skin its color. Exposure to the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) rays stimulates melanin production, which can cause freckles to form or become darker. Freckles on the lip can be more common due to the thinness of the skin in this area and the lack of protective hair. Genetic factors also play a role in the formation of freckles, as they tend to run in families.

There are many myths surrounding freckles. One such myth is that freckles are a sign of skin damage. While sun exposure can cause freckles, not all freckles are a sign of harm or skin disease. They are usually harmless and don’t necessarily indicate skin damage. Another myth is that freckle removal is a necessary process for those with freckles. The truth is freckle removal is entirely optional and usually pursued for cosmetic reasons.

While freckles themselves do not require treatment, many people seek freckle removal for cosmetic purposes. Freckle removal options include over-the-counter creams, laser treatment, and cryosurgery. However, it’s essential to understand that freckle removal treatments may not entirely eliminate freckles and that they can reappear with sun exposure.

Topical creams used for freckle removal often contain ingredients like hydroquinone, retinoids, and vitamin C to lighten the skin. Laser treatment targets the melanin in the freckles, causing them to fade or disappear. Cryosurgery uses cold temperatures to destroy the pigment-producing cells, lightening the freckles.

Regardless of the treatment method, it’s important to maintain sun protection after freckle removal to prevent new freckles from forming. This includes applying sunscreen, wearing protective clothing, and avoiding peak sun hours.

In conclusion, freckles, including freckles on the lip, are a natural skin occurrence that poses no harm. Freckle removal is an option for those who prefer the look of their skin without freckles, but it’s important to remember that these tiny spots are a part of who you are and make you unique.

For More Information: Freckles (Healthline) or Freckles (Allure).

Fungal Infections

Hidradenitis Suppurative

Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) is a chronic skin condition characterized by inflamed, painful, and often recurrent nodules or boils, typically in areas where skin rubs together. Despite being a challenging condition, various strategies exist to manage it, including Hidradenitis Suppurativa medications, diet adjustments, and in some cases, Hidradenitis Suppurativa surgery.

The hallmark of HS is the development of painful lumps under the skin, usually in areas with hair follicles and sweat/oil glands like the armpits, groin, buttocks, and under the breasts. These lumps may rupture, releasing foul-smelling fluid, and over time can lead to tunnels under the skin (sinuses) and scarring.

While the exact cause of HS is unknown, it appears to be related to hair follicles becoming blocked and inflamed. Various factors can contribute to HS severity, including hormones, genetics, immune system function, and lifestyle factors such as smoking and obesity. Diet may also play a role, with some people reporting that specific foods trigger HS flares. Hence, modifying the diet can be part of managing Hidradenitis Suppurativa.

Several myths exist about HS. Firstly, some people believe that poor hygiene causes HS. However, HS is not a result of improper hygiene but is related to underlying inflammatory processes in the body. Secondly, there’s a misconception that HS is contagious, which is not accurate. HS is an immune-mediated condition and cannot be passed from person to person. Lastly, many believe that Hidradenitis Suppurativa medications and diet changes are the only ways to manage the condition. While these methods can be highly beneficial, for some individuals, Hidradenitis Suppurativa surgery may be necessary to control the disease effectively.

Treatment for HS focuses on preventing new lumps, reducing symptoms, and preventing complications. Hidradenitis Suppurativa medications typically include antibiotics, either taken by mouth or applied to the skin, to treat or prevent infection and reduce inflammation. Other medications include corticosteroids, anti-inflammatory drugs, and biologic drugs that target the immune system.

Diet modifications may also be helpful. Although no specific Hidradenitis Suppurativa diet has been universally accepted, some patients notice a link between certain foods and symptom flare-ups. Common triggers can include dairy, sugar, and yeast-containing foods, but triggers vary from person to person.

In more severe cases, or when Hidradenitis Suppurativa medications and diet changes are insufficient, Hidradenitis Suppurativa surgery may be recommended. Surgical procedures can range from minor incisions to drain a severe or persistent lump, to more extensive procedures to remove affected skin.

In conclusion, HS is a chronic, often challenging skin condition. However, with a comprehensive treatment approach encompassing Hidradenitis Suppurativa medications, diet, and possibly surgery, it can be effectively managed. It’s essential for anyone with HS to work closely with their healthcare provider to create a tailored treatment plan that suits their specific needs and symptoms.

For More Information: Hidradenitis Suppurativa (AAD) or Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation.

Genital Warts

HIV and the Skin

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that targets the immune system, leaving the body vulnerable to various infections and diseases. One often overlooked aspect of HIV is its impact on the skin. HIV can cause a variety of skin issues, including rashes, dryness, and lipodystrophy, a condition characterized by abnormal fat distribution in the body. 

One of the first signs of an HIV infection can be a skin rash, typically appearing within the first two weeks of exposure to the virus. This rash is usually flat, red, and may be covered with small bumps.

Chronic dryness is another symptom experienced by individuals with HIV. This condition can cause uncomfortable itchy, flaky skin, particularly on the arms and legs. Dryness can also exacerbate other skin conditions, such as eczema or psoriasis.

Lipodystrophy is a condition often associated with long-term antiretroviral therapy for HIV. It manifests as changes in body fat distribution, with fat loss (lipoatrophy) or fat gain (lipohypertrophy) in certain areas. Lipodystrophy can lead to cosmetic changes, like a gaunt face or a hump on the back and may also increase the risk of metabolic complications.

The cause of HIV is well-established: it’s transmitted through certain body fluids from a person infected with HIV. It cannot be caught through casual contact. However, the causes of skin issues in HIV patients are multifactorial. They can arise due to the virus itself, opportunistic infections, or side effects from medications. For example, the cause of lipodystrophy is believed to be related to older antiretroviral drugs, although newer medications are less likely to cause this condition.

Several myths surround HIV and its skin manifestations. One such myth is that only people with HIV experience skin changes like rashes or lipodystrophy. In reality, many other conditions can cause similar symptoms, so these are not exclusive to HIV.

Another myth is that everyone with HIV will experience lipodystrophy or other skin changes. This is not the case, as the development of these conditions depends on several factors, including the specific strain of the virus, the patient’s overall health, and their specific medication regimen.

A further myth is that all skin dryness in people with HIV is caused by the virus itself. While HIV can cause dry skin, so can various other factors, including age, environment, and other health conditions.

The treatment of skin conditions in people with HIV involves addressing the underlying HIV infection and managing individual skin symptoms. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the cornerstone of HIV treatment. 

For individuals with HIV-associated rash, antihistamines or topical steroids may be used to manage itching and inflammation. Dryness can be treated with emollient creams and lotions, and by ensuring adequate hydration. 

The management of lipodystrophy may involve changes to the patient’s HIV medication regimen, especially if older drugs are implicated. Other approaches can include dietary changes, exercise, and, in some cases, cosmetic procedures or drugs that alter fat metabolism.

To conclude, people living with HIV can experience a range of skin conditions including rash, dryness, and lipodystrophy. While these can add to the burden of living with HIV, effective treatments are available, and ongoing research continues to improve our understanding and management of these conditions. As with all health concerns, consulting a Board-Certified Dermatologist, like Dr. Sullivan for accurate diagnosis and treatment is essential.

For More Information: HIV and the Skin or HIV and the Skin (DermNet).

Hives

Hyperpigmentation

Hyperpigmentation, a common skin condition, occurs when certain skin cells produce more melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color, leading to the appearance of dark patches on the skin. This condition can affect people of any skin type and can be caused by various factors. Types of hyperpigmentation include post inflammatory hyperpigmentation, hyperpigmentation acne, and periorbital hyperpigmentation.

Hyperpigmentation is characterized by the presence of darkened patches on the skin, which can vary in size and location. They can appear anywhere on the body but are often found on the face and hands.

Post inflammatory hyperpigmentation occurs after an inflammatory wound or injury to the skin has healed, leaving a darker patch of skin. It’s commonly found on the face and neck.

Hyperpigmentation acne is a type of post inflammatory hyperpigmentation where dark spots are left after an acne breakout has healed. These spots can last for several months and can be even more of a nuisance than the acne itself.

Periorbital hyperpigmentation, also known as dark circles under the eyes, is a common condition where the skin beneath the eyes appears darker than the surrounding skin.

Hyperpigmentation is typically caused by an increase in melanin production. This can be triggered by various factors, including sun exposure, hormonal changes, age, and skin injuries, including those from acne lesions.

Post inflammatory hyperpigmentation occurs after an injury or inflammation to the skin. The increased melanin production is a response to the healing process of the skin.

Hyperpigmentation acne is caused by the healing and remodeling process after an acne lesion has resolved. Inflammatory acne, such as cysts and nodules, are more likely to lead to hyperpigmentation acne due to the intense inflammation involved.

Periorbital hyperpigmentation can be caused by various factors, including genetics, aging, sun exposure, and lack of sleep.

Several myths surround hyperpigmentation. One common myth is that hyperpigmentation can be completely avoided. While certain measures can reduce the chances of developing hyperpigmentation, it’s not always completely avoidable due to factors like genetics and aging.

Another myth is that hyperpigmentation acne is a result of not cleaning your face properly. While poor skin hygiene can contribute to acne, the resulting hyperpigmentation is an inflammatory response that can’t be prevented by cleaning alone.

A common myth about periorbital hyperpigmentation is that it’s solely caused by lack of sleep. While inadequate sleep can contribute to it, factors like genetics and aging also play significant roles.

Treating hyperpigmentation often involves addressing the underlying cause and using topical treatments that inhibit melanin production. Sun protection is crucial as sunlight can trigger more melanin production, exacerbating hyperpigmentation.

For post inflammatory hyperpigmentation, treatments include topical creams like retinoids, vitamin C, and skin-lightening agents such as hydroquinone. Chemical peels and laser treatments can also be effective.

The treatment for hyperpigmentation acne often involves using acne treatments to prevent new breakouts, along with skin-lightening agents to address the existing dark spots.

Periorbital hyperpigmentation treatments include proper sun protection, topical eye creams with ingredients like retinol and vitamin K, and in some cases, cosmetic procedures like chemical peels or laser therapy.

In conclusion, hyperpigmentation is a common skin condition that can be managed with the right care and treatment. Regardless of the type of hyperpigmentation, understanding the causes and debunking the myths can lead to a successful treatment plan and clearer, more even-toned skin.

For More Information: Hyperpigmentation or Hyperpigmentation (NIH).

Itching

Keloids

Keloids are an abnormal growth of scar tissue that forms at the site of skin injury. They often develop after a wound has healed and can continue to grow larger than the original injury. While keloids can form anywhere, one common area is the ear (keloids ear), often following ear piercing or trauma.

Keloids are often raised, lumpy, or ridged areas of skin that are usually pink or purple. They can be sensitive or itchy, but they are not usually harmful to health. The primary concern with keloids is aesthetic, as they can grow quite large and be noticeable. Keloids ear are particularly visible if they occur following an ear piercing. 

The exact cause of keloids is unknown, but they are thought to be due to an overactive response by the body to injury. When the skin is broken, it usually heals by forming a scar. However, in some people, the scar tissue keeps forming even after the wound has healed, leading to a keloid. Some people may be genetically predisposed to developing keloids.

It’s important to note that any form of skin injury can lead to a keloid in people prone to keloids. This includes not just surgical wounds, but also minor injuries from ear piercing (leading to keloids ear), acne, chickenpox, or even minor scratches

A common myth about keloids is that they can become cancerous – this is not true. Although keloids are a type of skin growth, they are benign (non-cancerous).

Another myth is that anyone who gets a skin injury will develop a keloid. In reality, keloids are more common in people with darker skin, and not everyone who experiences a skin injury will develop a keloid.

Finally, a prevalent myth regarding keloids ear is that only multiple or heavy ear piercings result in keloids. In fact, even a single piercing can lead to a keloid in susceptible individuals.

Treatments for keloids aim to flatten and reduce the size of the scar, relieve any symptoms like itchiness or discomfort, and improve the appearance of the scar.

Options for treatment include steroid injections into the keloid, laser treatment to reduce redness, freezing treatment using liquid nitrogen, and surgical removal. There are also silicone sheets and gels that can be applied to keloids. For keloids ear, a combination of surgical removal and subsequent steroid injections is often effective.

How to Prevent Keloids

Preventing keloids can be challenging because they often form after the skin is injured, and it’s not always possible to prevent injuries. However, if you know you’re prone to keloids, it’s advisable to avoid elective procedures like ear piercing or tattoos that can injure the skin and potentially lead to keloids ear.

If you get a skin injury, early treatment and proper wound care can help reduce the risk of keloids. This includes keeping the wound clean, using antibiotic ointment, and covering it with a bandage.

Even with prevention efforts, some people may still develop keloids. In these cases, it’s crucial to consult with a Board-Certified Dermatologist, like Dr. Sullivan or dermatologist to explore treatment options. These may include the use of pressure earrings after an ear piercing to prevent keloids ear or injectable treatments immediately after wound healing to prevent keloid formation.

In conclusion, while keloids can be a cause of aesthetic concern and discomfort, there are various treatment options available. Understanding how to prevent keloids, especially after procedures like ear piercing, can significantly reduce their incidence.

For More Information: Keloids (AAD) or Keloids.

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Lupus

Melasma

Melasma is a common skin condition characterized by brown to gray-brown patches, usually on the face. Often mistaken for hyperpigmentation, melasma is a distinct condition, generally more diffuse and patterned than the spot-like appearance of hyperpigmentation. Treatments like tranexamic acid for melasma and chemical peels for melasma can significantly reduce its appearance.

The most evident symptom of melasma is the appearance of brown to gray-brown patches on the face, typically on the cheeks, bridge of the nose, forehead, chin, and above the upper lip. Melasma vs hyperpigmentation can sometimes be confusing, but melasma tends to be more symmetrical with an almost mask-like appearance, while hyperpigmentation tends to occur in smaller, more localized spots.

Melasma is thought to be the result of several factors, including genetics, hormonal changes (such as pregnancy or birth control pills), and sun exposure, which can trigger the melanocytes (color-producing cells in the skin) to produce more pigment. It’s essential to understand the difference in cause and appearance when comparing melasma vs hyperpigmentation.

One common myth is that melasma is only a cosmetic issue. While it’s true that melasma does not cause physical discomfort, it can significantly affect a person’s emotional and psychological well-being due to its impact on appearance.

Another myth is that melasma is the same as hyperpigmentation. While both involve an increase in skin pigment, melasma vs hyperpigmentation differs in terms of cause, pattern, and depth of pigment.

Finally, a common myth is that melasma is untreatable. While it can be a stubborn condition, options such as tranexamic acid for melasma and chemical peels for melasma can be very effective.

The treatment of melasma often involves a combination of topical treatments, procedures, and lifestyle modifications. Tranexamic acid for melasma, a newer treatment option, has been shown to reduce melasma’s appearance effectively. It works by inhibiting the plasminogen/plasmin system, thereby reducing the melanocyte-stimulating hormone.

Additionally, procedures such as chemical peels for melasma can help. These procedures work by exfoliating the outermost layer of the skin, helping to remove or lighten the patches of discoloration.

For all individuals with melasma, sun protection is paramount. UV exposure can trigger or worsen melasma, so daily use of a broad-spectrum sunscreen and other sun-protective behaviors are essential.

While treatment can significantly reduce the appearance of melasma, it’s important to have realistic expectations. Melasma is a chronic condition and requires ongoing management. Even with successful treatment, melasma can return, particularly if you stop treatment or fail to protect your skin from the sun.

In conclusion, while melasma can be a challenging skin condition to manage, it’s certainly not untreatable. With the correct diagnosis, personalized treatment plan (which may include tranexamic acid for melasma or chemical peels for melasma), and vigilant sun protection, improvements can be made to both the skin’s appearance and the individual’s quality of life.

For More Information: Melasma (AAD) or Melasma.

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Moles

Nail Fungus

Nail fungus, medically known as onychomycosis, is a common condition that begins as a white or yellow spot under the tip of your fingernail or toenail. As the fungal infection goes deeper, it can cause your nail to discolor, thicken, and crumble at the edge. Nail fungus can be an unsightly and potentially painful problem that can occur from various sources, including artificial nail applications, such as acrylic nails.


Common symptoms of nail fungus include a distorted nail that may lift off from the nail bed, an odor coming from the infected nail, and a brittle or thickened nail. In some cases, people might get finger nail fungus from acrylic nails, as artificial nails can create a space where fungi can thrive, leading to infection.  If you notice any unusual changes in your nails, it’s best to consult a nail fungus doctor for accurate diagnosis and treatment. While nail fungus may be more often associated with toenails, remember that it can affect fingernails as well.

Nail fungus is caused by various types of fungi, including dermatophytes, yeasts, and molds. Aging, heavy perspiration, a history of athlete’s foot, walking barefoot in damp public areas, diabetes, circulation problems, and a weakened immune system can all increase the likelihood of developing nail fungus. Additionally, prolonged use of acrylic nails or nail polish can increase the risk of infection. Finger nail fungus from acrylic nails is a common issue, as the space under the nail provides a perfect environment for fungi to grow.

One common myth is that nail fungus is merely a cosmetic issue. In reality, if left untreated, nail fungus can lead to complications, especially in people with diabetes or immune disorders. Another myth is that nail polish can help treat nail fungus. However, using regular nail polish can actually trap moisture and exacerbate the condition. Fortunately, there is nail polish for fungus, which contains antifungal ingredients, available in the market.

Treatment options for nail fungus include antifungal drugs, medicated nail polish, medicated nail cream, and, in severe cases, surgery. Oral antifungal drugs are the most common treatment for nail fungus. They help a new nail grow free of infection, slowly replacing the infected part of your nail.

Medicated nail polish for fungus, also known as ciclopirox, is painted onto your infected nails and surrounding skin once a day. After seven days, you wipe the piled-on layers clean with alcohol and begin fresh applications.

Topical creams can be effective if the infection is caught early, but they may not fully clear the fungus if the infection is advanced or underneath the nails.

For severe or painful nail fungus, your nail fungus doctor might suggest removing the nail. A new nail will usually grow in its place, though it will come in slowly and may take as long as a year to fully grow in.

Remember, over-the-counter treatments aren’t usually effective in treating nail fungus. Prescription medication from a nail fungus doctor is often needed to clear the condition. Moreover, preventative measures, such as maintaining good nail hygiene and avoiding prolonged use of acrylic nails, can be effective strategies to prevent finger nail fungus from acrylic nails.

In conclusion, while nail fungus is a common condition, it’s essential to seek treatment promptly to avoid complications. With a range of effective treatments available, a nail fungus doctor can help you restore the health of your nails.

For More Information: Nail Fungus (CDC) or Nail Fungus (AAD).

Pearly Penile Papules

Psoriasis

Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune condition that speeds up the lifecycle of skin cells, causing them to accumulate on the skin’s surface. The extra skin cells form thick, silvery scales and red patches that can be itchy and painful. While psoriasis has no cure, treatments such as Skyrizzi, Taltz, Tremfya, Humira, Cosentyx, and Otezla can help manage the symptoms and improve the quality of life of those affected.

The most common symptoms of psoriasis are red, raised patches of skin covered with silvery scales. These patches can be itchy or sore and are often found on the knees, elbows, lower back, and scalp. Other symptoms can include dry, cracked skin that may bleed, stiff and swollen joints, thickened nails, and in severe cases, large areas of scaling. The severity of psoriasis varies greatly from person to person, and for any given individual, it can vary from day to day.

The exact cause of psoriasis isn’t fully understood, but it’s believed to be related to an immune system issue with T cells and white blood cells. In psoriasis, T cells attack healthy skin cells as if healing a wound or fighting an infection. Overactive T cells trigger other immune responses, leading to increased production of skin cells and inflammation.

Many misconceptions surround psoriasis. One is that it is contagious, which is not true – you cannot catch psoriasis from another person. Another common myth is that it is purely a skin condition, but psoriasis is a systemic disease that can affect the entire body. Additionally, many people believe psoriasis is the result of poor hygiene, which is incorrect. Psoriasis is an autoimmune condition, not a cleanliness issue.

Several prescription medications are available to treat psoriasis, including biologics such as Skyrizzi, Taltz, Tremfya, Humira, and Cosentyx, and oral treatments like Otezla. These medications work by targeting specific parts of the immune system to control inflammation and slow the overproduction of skin cells.

Skyrizzi, Tremfya, and Taltz are injections administered under the skin and are often used for moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. They work by targeting specific proteins to reduce inflammation.

Humira and Cosentyx are also injectable biologics. Humira can be used for several autoimmune conditions, including psoriasis, while Cosentyx is used specifically for psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis.

Otezla, on the other hand, is an oral medication used to treat psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. It works by blocking an enzyme in your immune system that can affect certain cells and contribute to inflammation in the skin.

It’s important to remember that while these treatments can manage the symptoms of psoriasis, they do not cure the condition and not every medication is right for every person. Each of these drugs has its own set of potential side effects and risks. Therefore, it’s crucial to discuss with your healthcare provider to determine which treatment is best for you.

In conclusion, while living with psoriasis can be challenging, advances in treatment, including medications such as Skyrizzi, Taltz, Tremfya, Humira, Cosentyx, and Otezla, provide hope and relief to many people dealing with this condition. Remember, every person is unique, and what works for one person may not work for another. Therefore, always consult with your healthcare provider to find the best treatment for your condition.

For More Information: National Psoriasis Foundation or Psoriasis (AAD).

Razor Bumps

Rosacea

Rosacea is a common and chronic skin condition that causes redness and visible blood vessels, typically in the face. It may also produce red, small, pus-filled bumps. Often confused with conditions such as lupus rash, distinguishing between lupus rash vs rosacea is crucial for correct treatment. Various treatments exist, including ivermectin cream for rosacea and intense pulsed light (IPL) therapy, which can effectively manage the condition.

Rosacea symptoms often include facial redness, swollen red bumps, and small, visible blood vessels. Some people may also experience dry, sensitive, or swollen skin. The areas most commonly affected are the forehead, cheeks, chin, and the lower half of the nose. Lupus rash and rosacea can present similar symptoms, such as facial redness and sensitivity, leading to confusion. Therefore, it’s important to consult a dermatologist who can differentiate lupus rash vs rosacea to determine the best treatment plan.

The exact cause of rosacea is unknown. However, it may be due to a combination of hereditary and environmental factors. Some potential triggers include hot drinks, spicy foods, alcohol, temperature extremes, sunlight or wind, emotions, exercise, cosmetics, and drugs that dilate blood vessels. 

A common myth about rosacea is that it’s a result of poor hygiene, which is untrue. Another myth is that it’s simply a sunburn or an allergic reaction, leading to ineffective home treatments. Distinguishing lupus rash vs rosacea is also important, as they are separate conditions requiring different treatments.

While there’s no known cure for rosacea, treatments can control and reduce signs and symptoms. Prescription treatments like ivermectin cream for rosacea can help reduce redness and inflammation. Ivermectin cream for rosacea works by reducing the number of inflammatory lesions and has been found effective in managing this condition.

Apart from creams and medication, there are also professional treatments available such as intense pulsed light therapy. IPL for rosacea is a type of light therapy that penetrates the skin’s surface to treat dilated and broken blood vessels that cause rosacea. Many patients have found success with IPL for rosacea, although multiple treatments may be needed for best results.

For more severe cases, a combination of treatments might be recommended. These might include the use of ivermectin cream for rosacea in conjunction with IPL for rosacea to manage flare-ups and reduce the visibility of blood vessels.

In conclusion, managing rosacea is largely dependent on understanding its nature and knowing how to differentiate it from similar skin conditions such as lupus rash. Although it may be a chronic condition, therapies like ivermectin cream and IPL for rosacea offer promising ways to control its symptoms and improve skin appearance. As always, seeking the advice of a dermatologist will help guide you through your skincare journey.

For More Information: Rosacea (NIH) or Rosacea Foundation.

Skin Cancer

Skin Tags

Skin tags, also known medically as acrochordons, are benign skin growths that form in areas where the skin folds. They can occur anywhere on the body but are most commonly found on the neck, armpits, eyelids, and groin. Despite their slightly disconcerting appearance, skin tags are entirely harmless.

However, many people choose skin tag removal for cosmetic reasons or because the tags can be irritating when they rub against clothing or get caught in jewelry. Skin tag removal can be performed safely and effectively with various medical procedures.

A skin tag is typically a small, soft growth that hangs from the skin by a thin stalk. They’re usually flesh-colored or slightly darker, ranging in size from a few millimeters up to 5 centimeters. While skin tags are usually asymptomatic, they can become irritated or inflamed due to friction or when they’re twisted.

It’s essential to consult with a Board Certified Dermatologist, like Dr. Sullivanfor skin tag removal if you notice changes in color, size, or shape, or if a skin tag becomes painful. These changes could indicate other skin conditions, including potential skin cancers.

While the exact cause of skin tags isn’t entirely understood, they’re believed to develop due to friction between adjacent areas of skin or between clothing and skin. Factors such as obesity, pregnancy, diabetes, and genetic predisposition can increase the likelihood of developing skin tags. Aging is another significant factor, with skin tags becoming more common as people get older.

There are several myths surrounding skin tags. One such myth is that removing one skin tag will lead to more skin tags. There’s no scientific evidence to support this claim. Skin tag removal doesn’t stimulate the growth of more skin tags.Another myth is that all skin tags are a sign of serious health problems. While skin tags can be more common in people with diabetes and obesity, they’re usually harmless and don’t indicate a major health issue. 

There are several methods for skin tag removal, usually performed by a dermatologist or a trained healthcare professional. These include:

–  Cryotherapy : Freezing the skin tag with liquid nitrogen.

–  Cauterization : Burning off the skin tag using heat.

–  Ligation : Tying off the skin tag to cut off its blood supply.

–  Excision : Cutting off the skin tag with a scalpel or surgical scissors.

Over-the-counter solutions for skin tag removal are also available, but they may not be as effective as professional treatment. Furthermore, self-treatment can lead to skin irritation or infection, so it’s recommended to seek professional advice for skin tag removal.

If you’re bothered by skin tags, consult with a dermatologist to explore your options for skin tag removal. They can provide personalized advice and treatment based on your specific needs and skin type. Remember, while skin tags are typically harmless, it’s important to have any changes in your skin evaluated by a Board-Certified Dermatologist, like Dr. Sullivan to rule out other conditions.

In conclusion, skin tags are a common and benign skin condition. Although they’re harmless, many people opt for skin tag removal for cosmetic reasons or to alleviate discomfort. Despite the myths, skin tag removal is a safe and common procedure that doesn’t lead to the development of more skin tags. Always consult with a professional for effective and safe skin tag removal.

For More Information: Warts (Web MD) or Warts.

Warts

Cysts

@sullivandermatology 🤪 When Life Gets "Squirty" - The Wild World of Cyst Adventures! 🌪️💦 #cyst #poppingacyst #poppingcyst 👉 Hold on tight, folks! Today, we're diving into the weird and wacky world of a squirting cyst removal - a ride you won't forget! 😜💦 👉 Warning: Grab your popcorn because this is a show like no other! Witness the epic battle between our skilled medical team and the untamed squirting cyst. 🍿💥 👉 But don't worry, we've got it all under control! Watch the squirting shenanigans turn into a victory dance as we bid farewell to our cheeky cyst friend. 🕺💃 Disclaimer: No cysts were harmed in the making of this video. It's all in good fun and good health! Keep following for more unbelievable, unpredictable, and unforgettable moments from our medical escapades! 🏥🎉💙 #CystRemovalGoneWild ♬ original sound - SullivanDermatology

Cherry Hemangiomas

Seborrheic Keratosis

@sullivandermatology Freeze! 👮‍♂️🧊 Today we're giving a 'cool' send-off to some clingy skin squatters. Meet cryotherapy – the 'cool' bouncer for these waxy gatecrashers known as seborrheic keratosis. No scalpel, no screams, just a chilly goodbye. 🎢❄️ #skintags #seborrheickeratosis #cryotherapy ♬ original sound - SullivanDermatology
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